Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications
Wojciech Samek, Grégoire Montavon, Sebastian Lapuschkin, Christopher J. Anders, Klaus‐Robert Müller
With the broader and highly successful usage of machine learning (ML) in industry and the sciences, there has been a growing demand for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Interpretability and explanation methods for gaining a better understanding of the problem-solving abilities and strategies of nonlinear ML, in particular, deep neural networks, are, therefore, receiving increased attention. In this work, we aim to: 1) provide a timely overview of this active emerging field, with a focus on “post hoc” explanations, and explain its theoretical foundations; 2) put interpretability algorithms to a test both from a theory and comparative evaluation perspective using extensive simulations; 3) outline best practice aspects, i.e., how to best include interpretation methods into the standard usage of ML; and 4) demonstrate successful usage of XAI in a representative selection of application scenarios. Finally, we discuss challenges and possible future directions of this exciting foundational field of ML.
Citation edge evidence
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Long Short-Term MemoryLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→The Nature of Statistical Learning TheoryLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Neural networks for pattern recognitionLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Deep learning in neural networks: An overviewLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Detecting Functionality-Specific Vulnerabilities via Retrieving Individual Functionality-…Legacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→"Why Should I Trust You?"Legacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and TranslateLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→On a Method to Measure Supervised Multiclass Model’s Interpretability: Application to Deg…Legacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Neural Networks for Pattern RecognitionLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→The perceptron: A probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the bra…Legacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→The Nature of Statistical Learning TheoryLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→On Estimation of a Probability Density Function and ModeLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Gaussian Processes for Machine LearningLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→From local explanations to global understanding with explainable AI for treesLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Stop explaining black box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use inter…Legacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→The Graph Neural Network ModelLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Learning with KernelsLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Deep LearningLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial ExamplesLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Nonlinear Component Analysis as a Kernel Eigenvalue ProblemLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Intriguing properties of neural networksLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Deep Sparse Rectifier Neural NetworksLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→A survey of methods for explaining black box modelsLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Learning With Kernels: Support Vector Machines, Regularization, Optimization, and BeyondLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→A survey on concept drift adaptationLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→An introduction to kernel-based learning algorithmsLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Machine learning applications in cancer prognosis and predictionLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine LearningLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Methods for interpreting and understanding deep neural networksLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Axiomatic Attribution for Deep NetworksLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Deep Clustering for Unsupervised Learning of Visual FeaturesLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Learning Important Features Through Propagating Activation DifferencesLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Anchors: High-Precision Model-Agnostic ExplanationsLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Causability and explainability of artificial intelligence in medicineLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Reluplex: An Efficient SMT Solver for Verifying Deep Neural NetworksLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications→Intelligible Models for HealthCareLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning→Neural networks for pattern recognitionLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning→The Nature of Statistical Learning TheoryLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examples→Intriguing properties of neural networksLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examples→Long Short-Term MemoryLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Deep learning in neural networks: An overview→The perceptron: A probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the bra…Legacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Deep learning in neural networks: An overview→Long Short-Term MemoryLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Deep learning in neural networks: An overview→Deep Sparse Rectifier Neural NetworksLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Deep learning in neural networks: An overview→The Nature of Statistical Learning TheoryLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- A survey on concept drift adaptation→The perceptron: A probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the bra…Legacy edge — source detail unavailable
- An introduction to kernel-based learning algorithms→Neural networks for pattern recognitionLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- An introduction to kernel-based learning algorithms→Learning with KernelsLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- An introduction to kernel-based learning algorithms→Nonlinear Component Analysis as a Kernel Eigenvalue ProblemLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- An introduction to kernel-based learning algorithms→The Nature of Statistical Learning TheoryLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- An introduction to kernel-based learning algorithms→Neural Networks for Pattern RecognitionLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- The Graph Neural Network Model→Neural networks for pattern recognitionLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- The Graph Neural Network Model→Neural Networks for Pattern RecognitionLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Nonlinear Component Analysis as a Kernel Eigenvalue Problem→The Nature of Statistical Learning TheoryLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- "Why Should I Trust You?"→Intelligible Models for HealthCareLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Axiomatic Attribution for Deep Networks→Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and TranslateLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Axiomatic Attribution for Deep Networks→Learning Important Features Through Propagating Activation DifferencesLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Reluplex: An Efficient SMT Solver for Verifying Deep Neural Networks→Deep Sparse Rectifier Neural NetworksLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Methods for interpreting and understanding deep neural networks→Neural networks for pattern recognitionLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Methods for interpreting and understanding deep neural networks→Intelligible Models for HealthCareLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Methods for interpreting and understanding deep neural networks→"Why Should I Trust You?"Legacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Anchors: High-Precision Model-Agnostic Explanations→"Why Should I Trust You?"Legacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Causability and explainability of artificial intelligence in medicine→Intelligible Models for HealthCareLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Causability and explainability of artificial intelligence in medicine→Deep learning in neural networks: An overviewLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Causability and explainability of artificial intelligence in medicine→"Why Should I Trust You?"Legacy edge — source detail unavailable
- Causability and explainability of artificial intelligence in medicine→Methods for interpreting and understanding deep neural networksLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- A survey of methods for explaining black box models→Intelligible Models for HealthCareLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- A survey of methods for explaining black box models→"Why Should I Trust You?"Legacy edge — source detail unavailable
- A survey of methods for explaining black box models→Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine LearningLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- From local explanations to global understanding with explainable AI for trees→"Why Should I Trust You?"Legacy edge — source detail unavailable
- From local explanations to global understanding with explainable AI for trees→Anchors: High-Precision Model-Agnostic ExplanationsLegacy edge — source detail unavailable
- From local explanations to global understanding with explainable AI for trees→On a Method to Measure Supervised Multiclass Model’s Interpretability: Application to Deg…Legacy edge — source detail unavailable
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| Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) | Computer Science |
| Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning | Computer Science |
| Machine Learning and Data Classification | Computer Science |
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